What is Apexogenesis and Apexification?

Apexification is a method of inducing a calcified barrier at the apex of a nonvital tooth with incomplete root formation. Apexogenesis refers to a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to encourage physiological development and formation of the root end.

When do you use apexification vs Apexogenesis?

Apexogenesis, which can be used when the pulp is injured but not necrotic, leaves the apical one-third of the dental pulp in the tooth, allowing the root to complete formation. Apexification stimulates cells in the periapical area of the tooth to form a dentin-like substance over the apex.

Is pulpotomy and Apexogenesis same?

Apexogenesis is a treatment in preserving vital pulp tissue in the apical part of a root canal to allow the completion in formation of the root apex. This clinical procedure is essentially a deep pulpotomy, aimed to preserve the pulp in immature teeth that have deep pulpal inflammation.

What is the use of apexification?

Apexification is a method of treatment for immature permanent teeth in which root growth and development ceased due to pulp necrosis. Its purpose is to induce root end closure with no canal wall thickening or continuous root lengthening.

What is apexification teeth?

Apexification is defined as a procedure used to induce a calcified barrier in a root with an open apex or the con-tinued apical development of an incomplete root in teeth with necrotic pulp.

know difference between apexogenesis and apexification

What is dental Apexogenesis?

Apexogenesis is a procedure where vital tissue within the tooth is maintained to facilitate continued development of the immature root. A portion of inflamed pulp is removed and filled with a bioceramic material that maintains vitality in the roots.

Who introduced apexification?

The use of calcium hydroxide was first introduced by Kaiser (20) in 1964 who proposed that this material mixed with camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP) would induce the formation of a calcified barrier across the apex.

What is MTA in dentistry?

The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material with biocompatibility properties to oral and dental tissues. MTA was developed for dental root repair in endodontic treatment and it is formulated from commercial Portland cement, combined with bismuth oxide powder for radiopacity.

What material is used for apexification?

Traditionally, calcium hydroxide has been the material of choice for the apexification of immature permanent teeth; however, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate holds significant promise as an alternative to multiple treatments with calcium hydroxide.

What is the difference between pulpotomy and Pulpectomy?

In pulpotomy, the coronal part of the pulp is removed while in Pulpectomy procedure, the crown and the root canal of the pulp chamber is removed. For further understanding, Pulpotomy is a common procedure and can be referred to as baby root canal. Pulpotomy restores and saves the tooth infected by a deep cavity.

What is used for Apexogenesis?

Historically, calcium hydroxide (CaOH) has been the preferred material for apexogenesis and apexification. Both therapies require long-term follow-up with clinical and radiographic evaluations to confirm treatment success.

What is the difference between pulpectomy and root canal?

Pulpectomy vs.

A pulpectomy is complete removal of pulp from the crown and roots. The tooth is then filled with material that can be reabsorbed by the body. It's usually performed on baby teeth. A root canal starts with a pulpectomy, but the tooth gets a permanent filling or crown.

What is MTA pulpotomy?

MTA may be used as an alternative pulpotomy agent in immature teeth with pulp exposure to stimulate pulp healing with dentin bridge formation and complete root formation. But, discoloration following MTA pulpotomy appears as a major clinical complication.

Is apexification a vital pulp therapy?

Apexification, otherwise known as vital pulp therapy, can help strengthen your natural tooth and keep it healthy for a longer period of time. This is done through an extensive process of tooth restoration and is considered one of the most significant restoration processes in dentistry.

What is direct and indirect pulp capping?

In direct pulp capping, the protective dressing is placed directly over an exposed pulp; and in indirect pulp capping, a thin layer of softened dentin, that if removed would expose the pulp, is left in place and the protective dressing is placed on top.

What is open apex and closed apex?

Most teeth have cone shaped root canals that taper from the crown to the root end of the tooth. When a tooth does not close at the root end of the tooth it is called an “open apex”. Apexification forms a hard tissue barrier at the end of the root, allowing the root canal to be sealed in a more normal manner.

What is pulp revascularization?

Pulp revascularization is dependent on the ability of residual pulp and apical and periodontal stem cells to differentiate. These cells have the ability to generate a highly vascularized and a conjunctive rich living tissue. This one is able to colonize the available pulp space.

Can calcium hydroxide be used for apexification?

Based on the existing literature and our present cases, both MTA and calcium hydroxide can be used efficiently for apexification procedure. Considering the time duration for the apex closure MTA has superior properties when compared with calcium hydroxide.

Why is it called Phoenix abscess?

A phoenix abscess is an acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion. It is a dental abscess that can occur immediately following root canal treatment. Another cause is due to untreated necrotic pulp (chronic apical periodontitis). It is also the result of inadequate debridement during the endodontic procedure.

Is MTA a liner or a base?

MTA provides a higher incidence and faster rate of reparative dentin formation without the pulpal inflammation. MTA Plus material is also indicated for base and liner in vital pulp therapy. In root-end filling after apicoectomy, the anti-washout agent (chitosan or gelatin) is useful to prevent from MTA washout.

What is the difference between MTA and calcium hydroxide?

MTA is more effective and superior comparing the Calcium Hydroxide as a direct pulp capping material, showed higher success rate with favorable outcomes in maintaining long term tooth vitality and easier to use in pulp capping. MTA is less toxic, less pulpal inflammation capping compared to Calcium Hydroxide.

Can MTA be used for pulp capping?

MTA is a new and biocompatible biomaterial used for dental practice. It has been proved to be an excellent material for repairing of root perforations, apexification, root-end filling, repairing of root resorption and pulp capping.

What is vital pulp therapy?

Introduction. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is defined as a treatment which aims to preserve and maintain pulp tissue that has been compromised but not destroyed by caries, trauma, or restorative procedures in a healthy state. This is particularly important in the young adult tooth with incomplete apical root development.

What is the root canal?

Root canal is a treatment to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth instead of removing it. The term "root canal" comes from cleaning of the canals inside a tooth's root. Decades ago, root canal treatments often were painful.

Is MTA used in primary teeth?

MTA as a pulpotomy agent has shown favorable results in case of primary molars. There is limited literature available regarding its use in primary incisors. However, the success of vital pulp therapy with MTA depends on proper case selection and technique of management of the tooth than the material itself.